Powdery Mildews Are Characterized by Contracted Carbohydrate Metabolism and Diverse Effectors to Adapt to Obligate Biotrophic Lifestyle
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
LIFEGUARD proteins support plant colonization by biotrophic powdery mildew fungi
Pathogenic microbes manipulate eukaryotic cells during invasion and target plant proteins to achieve host susceptibility. BAX INHIBITOR-1 (BI-1) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident cell death suppressor in plants and animals and is required for full susceptibility of barley to the barley powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. LIFEGUARD (LFG) proteins resemble BI-1 proteins in te...
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Molecular phylogeny suggests a close relationship of Asteraceae to the early evolution of Golovinomyces. The family Asteraceae, with a geographic origin in South America, expanded into the Northern Hemisphere, where it may have been infected by an ancestor of Golovinomyces, thus starting a close hosteparasite relationship. Using this event as a calibration point, we designed molecular clocks fo...
متن کامل3 Profiles in Pathogenesis and Mutualism: Powdery Mildews
I. The Importance of Powdery Mildews. . . . . . . . 51 II. Life Cycle of Powdery Mildews . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 A. Asexual Reproduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 B. Sexual Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 III. Interactions with the Host Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 A. Influence on Host Metabolism. . . . . . . . . . . 56 B. Induced Susceptibility and Re...
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هدف از این تحقیق بررسی برخی عوامل ادراکی واحساسی یعنی استفاده از شیوه های یادگیری زبان ، انگیزه ها ونگرش نسبت به زبان انگلیسی در رابطه با زمینه زبانی زبان آموزان می باشد. هدف بررسی این نکته بود که آیا اختلافی چشمگیر میان زبان آموزان دو زبانه و تک زبانه در میزان استفاده از شیوه های یادگیری زبان ، انگیزه ها نگرش و سطح مهارت زبانی وجود دارد. همچنین سعی شد تا بهترین و موثرترین عوامل پیش بینی کننده ...
15 صفحه اولGene Gain and Loss during Evolution of Obligate Parasitism in the White Rust Pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana
Biotrophic eukaryotic plant pathogens require a living host for their growth and form an intimate haustorial interface with parasitized cells. Evolution to biotrophy occurred independently in fungal rusts and powdery mildews, and in oomycete white rusts and downy mildews. Biotroph evolution and molecular mechanisms of biotrophy are poorly understood. It has been proposed, but not shown, that ob...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Microbiology
سال: 2018
ISSN: 1664-302X
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03160